Building Blocks for Liquid Crystals

The first nematic liquid crystal material, a Schiff base types, were sensitive to moisture, while azoxybenzene types were sensitive to light. Therefore, research to improve the stability of liquid crystals to moisture and lights was undertaken by many. The chemically stable biphenylcarboxylates and cyanobiphenyls were developed one after another. The cyanobiphenyls were found to exceptional in possessing the necessary properties of display material. They exhibited low viscosity and low voltage operation, leading to many reports on the cyanobiphenyls. The phenylcyclohexane based liquid crystals also have low viscosity and high respons speeds, thus drawing to attention their use as display material. Furthermore, these bicylic liquid crystals were moddified by the addition of benzene and cyclohexane rings to produce tricyclic and tetracyclic liquid crystals. As a result, the upper range of temperature was increased. In recent years, further improvements in the various physical properties were made by introduction of fluorine and another functional groups to the liquid crystals, and there are now widely used. The optically active compounds are important components of chiral nematic liquid crystals and chiral smectic liquid crystals. More recently, antiferroelectric liquid crystals of the chiral smectic liquid crystal type, are now undergoing vigorous synthetic studies to develop novel liquid crystal compounds. Larger high-resolution display, are the target for the next generation of liquid crystal materials.

Biphenyls

Benzoic Acids

Benzaldehydes

Phenols

Anilines

Acetophenones

Benzonitriles

4-Alkylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acids

4-Alkylbromobenzenes

Bifunctional Compounds

Building Blocks for Discotic Liquid Crystals

Chiral Compounds

Others

Biphenyls

D2041 D2041 D1090 D1090 D1082 D1082
D1089 D1089 D1127 D1127 H0709 H0709
H0711 H0711 H0695 H0695 P1037 P1037
B1986 B1986 H0767 H0767 A1410 A1410
A1322 A1322 B1304 B1304 H0690 H0690
B1305 B1305 B1306 B1306 C1239 C1239
H0812 H0812 C1606 C1606 H0523 H0523
C1741 C1741 C1551 C1551 C1550 C1550
E0463 E0463 H0819 H0819 H0708 H0708
H0710 H0710 B1924 B1924 O0214 O0214
P1133 P1133 P1212 P1212 B1866 B1866
D2041 4'-n-Decyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic Acid
D1090 4,4'-Di-n-amyloxybiphenyl
D1082 4,4'-Di-n-butoxybiphenyl
D1089 4,4'-Di-n-hexyloxybiphenyl
D1127 4,4'-Diethoxybiphenyl
H0709 4-(4'-n-Heptylphenyl)benzoic Acid
H0711 4-(4'-n-Hexylphenyl)benzoic Acid
H0695 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoic Acid
P1037 4-(4-n-Propylphenyl)benzoic Acid
B1986 4-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)benzoic Acid
H0767 4-(6-Hydroxyhexyloxy)-4'-methoxybiphenyl
A1410 4-Acetyl-4'-bromobiphenyl
A1322 4-Acetyl-4'-methylbiphenyl
B1304 4-Bromo-4'-heptylbiphenyl
H0690 4-Bromo-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
B1305 4-Bromo-4'-pentylbiphenyl
B1306 4-Bromo-4'-propylbiphenyl
C1239 4-Chloro-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
H0812 4-Cyano-4'-heptylbiphenyl
C1606 4-Cyano-4'-heptyloxybiphenyl
H0523 4-Cyano-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
C1741 4-Cyano-4'-methylbiphenyl
C1551 4-Cyano-4'-n-pentyloxybiphenyl
C1550 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl
E0463 4-Ethylbiphenyl
H0819 4-Hydroxy-4'-methoxybiphenyl
H0708 4-n-Heptanoylbiphenyl
H0710 4-n-Hexanoylbiphenyl
B1924 4-n-Octadecyloxybiphenyl
O0214 4-n-Octanoylbiphenyl
P1133 4-Pentylbiphenyl
P1212 4-Propionylbiphenyl
B1866 Benzoic Acid 4-Biphenyl Ester
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Benzoic Acids

F0337 F0337 B1585 B1585 H0642 H0642
H0695 H0695 D2859 D2859 H0248 H0248
H0247 H0247 A0885 A0885 A1024 A1024
A0269 A0269 A0741 A0741 B1665 B1665
B1950 B1950 B0553 B0553 B0896 B0896
B0241 B0241 E0045 E0045 E0379 E0379
H0792 H0792 H0829 H0829 H0207 H0207
A0708 A0708 H0774 H0774 O0137 O0137
O0117 O0117 U0072 U0072 P0206 P0206
P0945 P0945 A0482 A0482 T0293 T0293
F0337 3-Fluoro-4-n-octyloxybenzoic Acid
B1585 4-(3-Butenyloxy)benzoic Acid
H0642 4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic Acid
H0695 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoic Acid
D2859 4-(Dodecyloxy)benzoic Acid
H0248 4-(Heptyloxy)benzoic Acid
H0247 4-(Hexyloxy)benzoic Acid
A0885 4-Acetoxybenzoic Acid
A1024 4-Acetylbenzoic Acid
A0269 4-Aminobenzoic Acid
A0741 4-Amylbenzoic Acid
B1665 4-Benzyloxybenzoic Acid
B1950 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzoic Acid
B0553 4-Bromobenzoic Acid
B0896 4-Butoxybenzoic Acid
B0241 4-Butylbenzoic Acid
E0045 4-Ethoxybenzoic Acid
E0379 4-Ethylbenzoic Acid
H0792 4-Heptylbenzoyl Chloride
H0829 4-Hexylbenzoic Acid
H0207 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid
A0708 4-n-Amyloxybenzoic Acid
H0774 4-n-Heptylbenzoic Acid
O0137 4-n-Octylbenzoic Acid
O0117 4-n-Octyloxybenzoic Acid
U0072 4-n-Undecyloxybenzoic Acid
P0206 4-Propoxybenzoic Acid
P0945 4-Propylbenzoic Acid
A0482 p-Anisic Acid
T0293 p-Toluic Acid
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Benzaldehydes

H0166 H0166 A1467 A1467 A0707 A0707
B1325 B1325 B2002 B2002 B0549 B0549
B0126 B0126 B1014 B1014 E0042 E0042
E0325 E0325 H0238 H0238 H0198 H0198
D1124 D1124 O0116 O0116 O0223 O0223
P0182 P0182 A0480 A0480 T0259 T0259
H0166 4-(Hexyloxy)benzaldehyde
A1467 4-Acetoxybenzaldehyde
A0707 4-Amyloxybenzaldehyde
B1325 4-Benzyloxybenzaldehyde
B2002 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde
B0549 4-Bromobenzaldehyde
B0126 4-Butoxybenzaldehyde
B1014 4-Butylbenzaldehyde
E0042 4-Ethoxybenzaldehyde
E0325 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde
H0238 4-Heptyloxybenzaldehyde
H0198 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
D1124 4-n-Decyloxybenzaldehyde
O0116 4-n-Octyloxybenzaldehyde
O0223 4-Octadecyloxybenzaldehyde
P0182 4-Propoxybenzaldehyde
A0480 p-Anisaldehyde
T0259 p-Tolualdehyde
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Phenols

H0642 H0642 H0695 H0695 A0728 A0728
A0384 A0384 P0843 P0843 H0239 H0239
B1835 B1835 H0690 H0690 B0787 B0787
B0923 B0923 B1026 B1026 E0216 E0216
E0159 E0159 F0160 F0160 H0615 H0615
H0439 H0439 H0611 H0611 H0198 H0198
H0207 H0207 M0123 M0123 D2304 D2304
H0441 H0441 O0140 O0140 P0955 P0955
P0698 P0698 C0400 C0400
H0642 4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic Acid
H0695 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoic Acid
A0728 4-(Amyloxy)phenol
A0384 4-Aminophenol
P0843 4-Amylphenol
H0239 4-Benzylphenol
B1835 4-Bromo-2-fluorophenol
H0690 4-Bromo-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
B0787 4-Bromophenol
B0923 4-Butoxyphenol
B1026 4-Butylphenol
E0216 4-Ethoxyphenol
E0159 4-Ethylphenol
F0160 4-Fluorophenol
H0615 4-Heptylphenol
H0439 4-Hexyloxyphenol
H0611 4-Hexylphenol
H0198 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
H0207 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid
M0123 4-Methoxyphenol
D2304 4-n-Dodecyl-o-cresol
H0441 4-n-Heptyloxyphenol
O0140 4-n-Octyloxyphenol
P0955 4-n-Propoxyphenol
P0698 4-Propylphenol
C0400 p-Cresol
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Anilines

A0269 A0269 A0384 A0384 B1393 B1393
B1003 B1003 B0272 B0272 E0061 E0061
H0588 H0588 H0890 H0890 A0938 A0938
O0186 O0186 B0271 B0271 A0487 A0487
P0090 P0090 T0300 T0300
A0269 4-Aminobenzoic Acid
A0384 4-Aminophenol
B1393 4-Bromoaniline
B1003 4-Butoxyaniline
B0272 4-Butylaniline
E0061 4-Ethylaniline
H0588 4-Heptylaniline
H0890 4-Hexylaniline
A0938 4-n-Amylaniline
O0186 4-n-Octylaniline
B0271 4-Propylaniline
A0487 p-Anisidine
P0090 p-Phenetidine
T0300 p-Toluidine
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Acetophenones

B0537 B0537 B1501 B1501 B1000 B1000
E0318 E0318 M0105 M0105 M0135 M0135
H0678 H0678 H0669 H0669 O0207 O0207
P1035 P1035 P1036 P1036
B0537 4'-Bromoacetophenone
B1501 4'-Butoxyacetophenone
B1000 4'-Butylacetophenone
E0318 4'-Ethylacetophenone
M0105 4'-Methoxyacetophenone
M0135 4'-Methylacetophenone
H0678 4'-n-Heptylacetophenone
H0669 4'-n-Hexylacetophenone
O0207 4'-n-Octylacetophenone
P1035 4'-Pentylacetophenone
P1036 4'-Propylacetophenone
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Benzonitriles

C1141 C1141 E0703 E0703 P1617 P1617
A1249 A1249 A0695 A0695 B1365 B1365
B1426 B1426 C0135 C0135 H0523 H0523
C0443 C0443 C0445 C0445 C1182 C1182
C1985 C1985 C1299 C1299 C0842 C0842
F0221 F0221 H0778 H0778 A1213 A1213
T0307 T0307
C1141 4'-Cyanoacetophenone
E0703 4-(trans-4-Ethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile
P1617 4-(trans-4-Propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile
A1249 4-Amino-4'-cyanobiphenyl
A0695 4-Aminobenzonitrile
B1365 4-Benzyloxybenzonitrile
B1426 4-Bromobenzonitrile
C0135 4-Chlorobenzonitrile
H0523 4-Cyano-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
C0443 4-Cyanobenzaldehyde
C0445 4-Cyanobenzoic Acid
C1182 4-Cyanobenzoyl Chloride
C1985 4-Cyanobenzyl Chloride
C1299 4-Cyanobiphenyl
C0842 4-Cyanophenol
F0221 4-Fluorobenzonitrile
H0778 4-Heptylbenzonitrile
A1213 5-Amino-2-cyanobenzotrifluoride
T0307 p-Tolunitrile
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4-Alkylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acids

B2986 B2986 M1621 M1621 P1656 P1656
B1136 B1136 M1783 M1783 P0944 P0944
P0943 P0943
B2986 4-Butylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture)
M1621 4-Methylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture)
P1656 4-Propylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture)
B1136 trans-4-Butylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
M1783 trans-4-Methylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
P0944 trans-4-Pentylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
P0943 trans-4-Propylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
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4-Alkylbromobenzenes

B1907 B1907 B1611 B1611 B1612 B1612
B1802 B1802 B1879 B1879 B1608 B1608
B1606 B1606 B1596 B1596 B1610 B1610
B2117 B2117 B1889 B1889 B1605 B1605
B0661 B0661
B1907 1-Bromo-4-butylbenzene
B1611 1-Bromo-4-decylbenzene
B1612 1-Bromo-4-dodecylbenzene
B1802 1-Bromo-4-dodecylbenzene
B1879 1-Bromo-4-ethylbenzene
B1608 1-Bromo-4-heptylbenzene (stabilized with Copper chip)
B1606 1-Bromo-4-hexylbenzene
B1596 1-Bromo-4-n-nonylbenzene
B1610 1-Bromo-4-n-octylbenzene
B2117 1-Bromo-4-n-octylbenzene
B1889 1-Bromo-4-n-propylbenzene
B1605 1-Bromo-4-pentylbenzene
B0661 4-Bromotoluene
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Bifunctional Compounds

B0537 B0537 H0642 H0642 H0695 H0695
B1104 B1104 A1024 A1024 A0269 A0269
A1278 A1278 A0384 A0384 B1665 B1665
H0690 H0690 B1393 B1393 B0549 B0549
B0553 B0553 H0198 H0198 H0207 H0207
H0612 H0612
B0537 4'-Bromoacetophenone
H0642 4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic Acid
H0695 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoic Acid
B1104 4-(Benzyloxy)phenol
A1024 4-Acetylbenzoic Acid
A0269 4-Aminobenzoic Acid
A1278 4-Aminocyclohexanecarboxylic Acid (cis- and trans- mixture)
A0384 4-Aminophenol
B1665 4-Benzyloxybenzoic Acid
H0690 4-Bromo-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
B1393 4-Bromoaniline
B0549 4-Bromobenzaldehyde
B0553 4-Bromobenzoic Acid
H0198 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
H0207 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid
H0612 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid
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Building Blocks for Discotic Liquid Crystals

H0923 H0923 H1201 H1201 H0907 H0907
H0898 H0898
H0923 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexaacetoxytriphenylene
H1201 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexabromotriphenylene
H0907 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexahydroxytriphenylene Hydrate
H0898 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexamethoxytriphenylene
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Chiral Compounds

C1372 C1372 P0795 P0795 B0926 B0926
O0145 O0145 P0744 P0744 C2109 C2109
B0925 B0925 O0144 O0144 P0743 P0743
M0963 M0963 M0964 M0964 M0965 M0965
M0966 M0966 P0796 P0796 C1373 C1373
M0170 M0170 C1365 C1365 C1371 C1371
C1377 C1377 L0144 L0144 H0705 H0705
H0703 H0703 H0704 H0704 H0702 H0702
L0136 L0136
C1372 (2S,3S)-2-Chloro-3-methylvaleric Acid
P0795 (R)-(+)-1-Phenylethyl Alcohol
B0926 (R)-(-)-2-Butanol
O0145 (R)-(-)-2-Octanol
P0744 (R)-(-)-2-Pentanol
C2109 (R)-2-Chlorobutyric Acid
B0925 (S)-(+)-2-Butanol
O0144 (S)-(+)-2-Octanol
P0743 (S)-(+)-2-Pentanol
M0963 (S)-(+)-3-Methyl-1-pentanol
M0964 (S)-(+)-4-Methyl-1-hexanol
M0965 (S)-(+)-5-Methyl-1-heptanol
M0966 (S)-(+)-6-Methyl-1-octanol
P0796 (S)-(-)-1-Phenylethyl Alcohol
C1373 (S)-(-)-2-Chloropropionic Acid
M0170 (S)-(-)-2-Methyl-1-butanol
C1365 (S)-2-Chloro-3-methylbutyric Acid
C1371 (S)-2-Chloro-4-methylvaleric Acid
C1377 (S)-2-Chlorobutyric Acid
L0144 Lithium L-Lactate
H0705 Methyl (R)-(-)-3-Hydroxybutyrate
H0703 Methyl (R)-(-)-3-Hydroxyisobutyrate
H0704 Methyl (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxybutyrate
H0702 Methyl (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxyisobutyrate
L0136 Methyl D-(+)-Lactate
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Others

D2151 D2151 B2127 B2127 B1772 B1772
E0564 E0564 H0385 H0385 H0234 H0234
M0586 M0586 F0423 F0423 T1773 T1773
B0884 B0884 B2741 B2741 B2297 B2297
E0505 E0505 M0576 M0576 O0191 O0191
H0612 H0612 H0995 H0995 H1175 H1175
D2151 1,4-Diethynylbenzene
B2127 1-Benzyloxy-4-bromobenzene
B1772 1-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene
E0564 1-Ethynyl-4-hexylbenzene
H0385 2'-Hydroxychalcone
H0234 2-Hydroxychalcone
M0586 2-[(4-Methoxybenzylidene)amino]fluorene
F0423 4-(4-Fluorophenylethynyl)phenol
T1773 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic Acid (contains varying amounts of Anhydride)
B0884 4-Bromofluorobenzene
B2741 4-Butyl-4'-hydroxychalcone
B2297 4-Butylbenzoyl Chloride
E0505 4-Ethynylaniline
M0576 4-Methoxycinnamic Acid
O0191 4-Octadecyloxycinnamic Acid
H0612 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid
H0995 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthonitrile
H1175 trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
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Literature

T. Kitamura, Zairyo Kagaku, 1992, 29, 72.
H. Numata, Kogyo Zairyo, 1998, 46, 40.
Y. Suzuki, Kino Zairyo, 1995, 15, 8.

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