Reagents for Conducting Polymer Research

In 1977, Shirakawa and co-workers reported that thin films of the semi-conducting polymer polyacetylene show a dramatic increase in electrical conductivity when doped with controlled amounts of iodine.1) Their reports triggered intensive R&D into the electrical conductivity of plastic materials. Studies of conducting polymers began and, as a result, many π-conjugated polymers such as polypyrrole2), polythiophene3), polyaniline4) and polyphenylenevinylene5) have been developed. Among these polymers, many of them have been utilized practically. One example is an electrolytic condenser using polypyrrole. This condenser has characteristic features such as being compact and lightweight,
as well as having high-capacity and high-frequency compliance. These features have achieved a downsizing and weight-saving in electronic devices, and are utilized currently in some mobile phones. Thereby, conducting polymers are widely used for electronic devices vital to our everyday life. These and many other achievements were the reasons Shirakawa received to the Nobel Prize Award in 2000.
Recent studies have found that polyphenylenevinylene shows electroluminescence. Also the synthesis of a spiral structure helical polyacetylene has been achieved. Further active studies are underway, looking to discover new features and properties of these conducting polymers.
The page below shows the monomers and oligomers for conducting polymer research.

3-Alkyl Thiophenes

Related Thiophene Derivatives

Pyrroles

Carbazoles

Others

3-Alkyl Thiophenes

B3691 B3691 B1458 B1458 D2098 D2098
D2016 D2016 E0378 E0378 H0722 H0722
H0756 H0756 M0440 M0440 N0533 N0533
O0245 O0245 O0213 O0213 P1127 P1127
P1128 P1128 U0056 U0056
B3691 2-Bromo-3-dodecylthiophene
B1458 3-Butylthiophene
D2098 3-Decylthiophene
D2016 3-Dodecylthiophene
E0378 3-Ethylthiophene
H0722 3-Heptylthiophene
H0756 3-Hexylthiophene
M0440 3-Methylthiophene
N0533 3-Nonylthiophene
O0245 3-Octadecylthiophene
O0213 3-n-Octylthiophene
P1127 3-Pentylthiophene
P1128 3-Propylthiophene
U0056 3-Undecylthiophene
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Related Thiophene Derivatives

B3464 B3464 B3793 B3793 B3363 B3363
B1276 B1276 B1838 B1838 B1874 B1874
B3507 B3507 B3812 B3812 B1540 B1540
B1541 B1541 B3385 B3385 B3733 B3733
B3738 B3738 B2058 B2058 B3226 B3226
B3692 B3692 B1067 B1067 B2862 B2862
B2934 B2934 B2302 B2302 B3386 B3386
C1801 C1801 C1192 C1192 C1344 C1344
D2378 D2378 D3954 D3954 D2755 D2755
D3799 D3799 D3800 D3800 D4031 D4031
D3896 D3896 D3999 D3999 D4053 D4053
D4050 D4050 D3678 D3678 D3679 D3679
D4032 D4032 D4033 D4033 D3701 D3701
D3928 D3928 D3823 D3823 D2077 D2077
D3712 D3712 D2073 D2073 D2074 D2074
E0741 E0741 F0548 F0548 H1294 H1294
H1298 H1298 I0380 I0380 M1093 M1093
O0313 O0313 P1126 P1126 Q0078 Q0078
Q0079 Q0079 S0505 S0505 S0504 S0504
T1196 T1196 T1805 T1805 T2639 T2639
T2699 T2699 T2206 T2206 T1084 T1084
T2729 T2729 T2621 T2621 T1152 T1152
T0725 T0725 T0864 T0864 T2388 T2388
T2347 T2347 T1475 T1475 T1354 T1354
T1660 T1660 T0956 T0956
B3464 Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene
B3793 Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione
B3363 5,5'-Bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,2'-bithiophene
B1276 2,2'-Bithiophene
B1838 2,2'-Bithiophene-5-carboxaldehyde
B1874 5-Bromo-2,2'-bithiophene-5'-carboxaldehyde
B3507 2-Bromo-3-hexylthiophene
B3812 2-Bromo-5-hexylthiophene
B1540 2-Bromo-5-methylthiophene (stabilized with Copper chip + NaHCO3)
B1541 3-Bromo-4-methylthiophene
B3385 4-Bromo-2-methylthiophene
B3733 2-Bromo-3-n-octylthiophene
B3738 2-Bromo-5-n-octylthiophene
B2058 5''-Bromo-2,2':5',2''-terthiophene-5-carboxaldehyde
B3226 3-Bromothieno[3,2-b]thiophene
B3692 2-Bromothieno[2,3-b]thiophene
B1067 3-Bromothiophene
B2862 5-Bromo-2-thiopheneboronic Acid (contains varying amounts of Anhydride)
B2934 3-Bromothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde
B2302 5-Bromo-2-thiophenecarboxylic Acid
B3386 4-Bromo-2-thiophenecarboxylic Acid
C1801 2-Chloro-3-methylthiophene
C1192 3-Chlorothiophene
C1344 3-Cyanothiophene
D2378 3,4-Diaminothiophene Dihydrochloride
D3954 2,6-Dibromobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene
D2755 5,5'-Dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene
D3799 2,6-Dibromodithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene
D3800 3,5-Dibromodithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene
D4031 2,5-Dibromo-3-dodecylthiophene
D3896 2,5-Dibromo-3-hexylthiophene
D3999 3,5-Dibromo-2-methylthiophene
D4053 2,5-Dibromo-3-n-octylthiophene
D4050 5,5''-Dibromo-2,2':5',2''-terthiophene
D3678 2,5-Dibromothieno[3,2-b]thiophene
D3679 3,6-Dibromothieno[3,2-b]thiophene
D4032 2,5-Dibromothieno[2,3-b]thiophene
D4033 3,4-Dibromothieno[2,3-b]thiophene
D3701 3,4-Difluoro-2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)thiophene
D3928 3,4'-Dihexyl-2,2'-bithiophene
D3823 Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene-2-boronic Acid (contains varying amounts of Anhydride)
D2077 1,4-Di(2-thienyl)-1,3-butadiene
D3712 1,4-Di(2-thienyl)-1,4-butanedione
D2073 cis-1,2-Di(2-thienyl)ethylene (contains ca. 5% trans- form)
D2074 trans-1,2-Di(2-thienyl)ethylene
E0741 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene
F0548 5'-Formyl-2,2'-bithiophene-5-boronic Acid (contains varying amounts of Anhydride)
H1294 4-Hexyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)thiophene
H1298 3-Hexyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)thiophene
I0380 3-Iodothiophene
M1093 3-Methoxythiophene
O0313 alpha-Octithiophene
P1126 3-Phenylthiophene
Q0078 alpha-Quarterthiophene
Q0079 alpha-Quinquethiophene
S0505 alpha-Septithiophene
S0504 alpha-Sexithiophene
T1196 2,2':5',2''-Terthiophene (=alpha-Terthienyl)
T1805 2,2':5',2''-Terthiophene-5-carboxaldehyde
T2639 2,2':5',2''-Terthiophene-5,5''-dicarboxaldehyde
T2699 3,3',5,5'-Tetrabromo-2,2'-bithiophene
T2206 Tetradecafluoro-alpha-sexithiophene (purified by sublimation)
T1084 3-Thenoic Acid
T2729 Thieno[2,3-b]thiophene
T2621 Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-boronic Acid (contains varying amounts of Anhydride)
T1152 Thiophene-3-acetic Acid
T0725 2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde (stabilized with HQ)
T0864 3-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde
T2388 2,3-Thiophenedicarboxaldehyde
T2347 2,5-Thiophenedicarboxylic Acid
T1475 3-Thiopheneethanol
T1354 3-Thiophenemalonic Acid
T1660 3-Thiophenemethanol
T0956 2,3,5-Tribromothiophene
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Pyrroles

A1015 A1015 A1022 A1022 B2335 B2335
B1622 B1622 B1623 B1623 C1347 C1347
D3876 D3876 E0444 E0444 H0809 H0809
H0826 H0826 H0827 H0827 M0414 M0414
N0584 N0584 N0502 N0502 O0219 O0219
O0241 O0241 O0242 O0242 P1122 P1122
T1386 T1386 P0574 P0574 P1899 P1899
T1677 T1677
A1015 3-Acetyl-1-methylpyrrole
A1022 1-Aminopyrrole
B2335 1-Benzylpyrrole
B1622 1-(2-Bromoethyl)pyrrole
B1623 1-(3-Bromopropyl)pyrrole
C1347 1-(2-Chloroethyl)pyrrole
D3876 2,5-Di(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole
E0444 1-Ethylpyrrole
H0809 3-Heptylpyrrole
H0826 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyrrole
H0827 1-(3-Hydroxypropyl)pyrrole
M0414 1-Methylpyrrole
N0584 1-(4-Nitrophenyl)pyrrole
N0502 3-Nitropyrrole
O0219 1-Octadecylpyrrole
O0241 3-n-Octylpyrrole
O0242 1-n-Octylpyrrole
P1122 1-Phenylpyrrole
T1386 1-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)pyrrole
P0574 Pyrrole
P1899 Pyrrole-3-carboxylic Acid
T1677 1-(Triisopropylsilyl)pyrrole
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Carbazoles

A1508 A1508 B1967 B1967 B2864 B2864
B3558 B3558 B2804 B2804 B2805 B2805
B2713 B2713 B3554 B3554 C0032 C0032
C1031 C1031 C0714 C0714 D2116 D2116
D2983 D2983 D3932 D3932 D2982 D2982
D2981 D2981 D3952 D3952 D4087 D4087
E0071 E0071 E0247 E0247 E0359 E0359
H1014 H1014 M0960 M0960 P1492 P1492
P0656 P0656 T0159 T0159 T1934 T1934
V0021 V0021
A1508 3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole
B1967 9-(1H-Benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole
B2864 9-Benzoylcarbazole
B3558 9-Benzylcarbazole
B2804 9-Benzylcarbazole-3-carboxaldehyde
B2805 9-Benzylcarbazole-3,6-dicarboxaldehyde
B2713 4,4'-Bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl
B3554 9-(4-Bromophenyl)carbazole
C0032 Carbazole
C1031 Carbazole-9-carbonyl Chloride
C0714 Carbazole Potassium Salt
D2116 3,6-Diaminocarbazole
D2983 3,6-Dibromocarbazole
D3932 2,7-Dibromocarbazole
D2982 3,6-Dibromo-9-ethylcarbazole
D2981 3,6-Dibromo-9-phenylcarbazole
D3952 3,6-Di-tert-butylcarbazole
D4087 1,3-Di-9-carbazolylbenzene (purified by sublimation)
E0071 9-Ethylcarbazole
E0247 9-Ethylcarbazole
E0359 N-Ethylcarbazole-3-carboxaldehyde
H1014 4-Hydroxycarbazole
M0960 9-Methylcarbazole
P1492 9-Phenylcarbazole
P0656 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)
T0159 1,3,6,8-Tetranitrocarbazole (wetted with ca. 40% Water, containing 25g on a dry weight basis)
T1934 1,3,5-Tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene (purified by sublimation)
V0021 9-Vinylcarbazole
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Others

B3863 B3863 B0921 B0921 B1336 B1336
B2843 B2843 B3573 B3573 B3089 B3089
B2844 B2844 B3560 B3560 B2633 B2633
D3944 D3944 D3842 D3842 D3302 D3302
D3303 D3303 D4028 D4028 D3781 D3781
D3872 D3872 D3960 D3960 D1910 D1910
A1122 A1122 E0894 E0894 F0782 F0782
N0536 N0536 N0369 N0369 N0755 N0755
P0972 P0972 P0984 P0984 S0829 S0829
S0831 S0831 T2597 T2597 T1361 T1361
T2310 T2310
B3863 Benzocyclobutene
B0921 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole
B1336 N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
B2843 Bis(4-formylphenyl)phenylamine
B3573 4,7-Bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
B3089 4-Bromo-4',4''-dimethyltriphenylamine
B2844 4-Bromo-4'-(diphenylamino)biphenyl
B3560 2-Bromo-9,9'-spirobi[9H-fluorene]
B2633 4-Bromotriphenylamine
D3944 4,7-Dibromo-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole
D3842 4,7-Dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
D3302 4,4'-Dibromo-4''-cyclohexyltriphenylamine
D3303 4,4'-Dibromo-4''-phenyltriphenylamine
D4028 2,5-Dibromoselenophene
D3781 2,7-Dibromo-9,9'-spirobi[9H-fluorene]
D3872 2,2'-Dibromo-9,9'-spirobi[9H-fluorene]
D3960 2,5-Dibromothiazole
D1910 4,4'-Dibromotriphenylamine
A1122 3-Ethynylaniline
E0894 4-Ethynyltriphenylamine
F0782 2-Formylselenophene (stabilized with HQ)
N0536 1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide
N0369 Naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic Dianhydride
N0755 Naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic Dianhydride (purified by sublimation)
P0972 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride
P0984 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide
S0829 Selenophene
S0831 9,9'-Spirobi[9H-fluorene]-2-boronic Acid
T2597 2,2',7,7'-Tetrabromo-9,9'-spirobi[9H-fluorene]
T1361 Tris(4-bromophenyl)amine
T2310 Tris(4-formylphenyl)amine
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(see also Reagents for High-Performance Polymer Research)


Acetylenes

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Literature

1) H. Shirakawa, E. J. Luois, A. G. MacDiarmid, C. K. Chiang, A. J. Heeger, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1977, 578 [DOI].
2) K. K. Kanazawa, A. F. Diaz, R. H. Geiss, W. D. Gill, J. F. Kwak, J. A. Logan, J. F. Rabolt, G. B. Street, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 854 [DOI]; M. Salmon, A. F. Diaz, J. A. Logan, K. Krounbi, J. Bargon, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1982, 83, 265 [DOI]; M. Ogasawara, K. Funahashi, T. Demura, T. Hagiwara, K. Iwata, Synth. Met., 1986, 14, 61 [DOI].
3) M. Sato, S. Tanaka, K. Kaeriyama, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 713 [DOI]; S. Hotta, Synth. Met., 1987, 22, 103 [DOI].
4) T. Kobayashi, H. Yoneyama, H. Tamura, J. Electroanal. Chem., 1984, 177, 281 [DOI]; J.-C. Chiang, A. G. MacDiarmid, Synth. Met., 1986, 13, 193 [DOI].
5) G. E. Wnek, J. C. W. Chien, F. E. Karasz, C. P. Lillya, Polymer, 1979, 20, 1441 [DOI]; D. R. Ganon, J. D. Capistran, F. E. Karasz, R. W. Lenz, S. Antoun, Polymer, 1987, 28, 567 [DOI].

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